Amilin: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
Content added Content deleted
VisualWikitext
(info box)
(general improvements)
Line 2: Line 2:
| name = Amilin
| name = Amilin
| subheader = ''Westi Amilin''
| subheader = ''Westi Amilin''
|pronunciation=[wɛs'tiː ami'lin]|native_to=[[Mount September]]|known_users=animeme_master}}
|pronunciation=[wɛs'tiː ami'lin]|native_to=[[Mount September]]|known_users=animeme_master
Belgian Chungus}}


Amilin, formally ''Westi Amilin'' (the Amilin Language), is a mysterious language that first appeared in early May 2021 in the undercity of [[Mount September]] among Squareblobist-Allenist radicals. It is widely suspected that [[animeme_master]] may have had a large role in the introduction of Amilin to this section of Septembrian society.
Amilin, formally ''Westi Amilin'' (the Amilin Language), is a mysterious language that first appeared in early May 2021 in the undercity of [[Mount September]] among Squareblobist-Allenist radicals. It is widely suspected that [[animeme_master]] may have had a large role in the introduction of Amilin to this section of Septembrian society.
Line 224: Line 225:


=== Word-accent ===
=== Word-accent ===
All one-syllable words in Amilin are unstressed. Most two-syllable words, except for a small set of prepositions and forms of the word ''elai'' (which have no stress), take stress on the first syllable. The vowel of a stressed syllable is pronounced for somewhat longer than that of an unstressed syllable.
All one-syllable words in Amilin are unstressed. Most two-syllable words, except for a small set of prepositions, other grammatical words, and forms of the word ''yelai'' (which have no stress), take stress on the very last syllable. The vowel of a stressed syllable is pronounced for somewhat longer than that of an unstressed syllable if it is an open syllable (i.e. does not end in a consonant or have ''ai'' or ''au'' as its vowel).
{| class="wikitable"
!Final vowel
!a
!e
!i
!o
!u
|-
!Unstressed
|[a]
|[ɛ]
|[i]
|[ɔ]
|[u]
|-
!Stressed
|[æː]
|[eː]
|[iː]
|[ɔː]
|[uː]
|}
When in an unstressed position in a closed syllable (one which ends in a consonant), the diphthongs have an alternate pronunciation: ''ai'' is pronounced as [əj] and ''au'' as [ɔw].


== Morphology ==
== Morphology ==
Line 239: Line 263:


* Nominative: unmarked or ''siba'' depending on position in the phrase
* Nominative: unmarked or ''siba'' depending on position in the phrase
**Usually pronounced as /sif/ before a word beginning with a vowel or voiced consonant
* Vocative: unmarked subject of a verb in the optative-imperative mood
* Vocative: unmarked subject of a verb in the optative-imperative mood
* Accusative: ''lef'' before a word starting with a vowel, ''le'' otherwise
* Accusative: ''lef''
**Pronounced as /lɛf/ before a word starting with a vowel, /lɛ/ otherwise
* Genitive: unmarked, ''lin'', or ''le lin'' depending on position in the phrase
* Genitive: unmarked, ''lin'', or ''lef lin'' depending on position in the phrase
**As ''lin'' begins with a consonant, ''lef lin'' is pronounced as /lɛ lin/, not /lɛf lin/
* Dative: ''de'', also used for expressing inalienable or abstract possession or ownership
* Dative: ''de'', also used for expressing inalienable or abstract possession or ownership
* Locative: ''pon''
* Locative: ''pon''
Line 249: Line 276:
* Superlative: ''istuwi''
* Superlative: ''istuwi''
* Adverbial-Comparative: ''folgu''
* Adverbial-Comparative: ''folgu''
**May be pronounced as /foju/ ("foyu") in fast speech
* Evidential: ''kosalo''
* Evidential: ''kosalo''
**May be pronounced as /koslo/ ("kozlo") in fast speech


==== Aspectual particles ====
==== Aspectual particles ====
Line 259: Line 288:
* Imperative, optative, or jussive (any aspect): ''sen''
* Imperative, optative, or jussive (any aspect): ''sen''
* Auxiliary: ''ko''; note that a verb phrase cannot end in an auxiliary verb, and so the final verb must use an aspectual particle other than ''ko''; this then acts as the aspectual particle for the entire verb phrase
* Auxiliary: ''ko''; note that a verb phrase cannot end in an auxiliary verb, and so the final verb must use an aspectual particle other than ''ko''; this then acts as the aspectual particle for the entire verb phrase
*''mo'' is not an aspectual particle but is used alongside aspectual particles to indicate intransitivity


==== Transitivity ====
==== Transitivity ====
Line 266: Line 296:
* To say one holds an opinion on something (e.g. "like" or "hate"), as this does not change the state of the thing in question, the copula is used with the opinion holder in the evidential case, marked by ''kosalo''.
* To say one holds an opinion on something (e.g. "like" or "hate"), as this does not change the state of the thing in question, the copula is used with the opinion holder in the evidential case, marked by ''kosalo''.


To mark a verb as intransitive, the particle ''mo'' is used in the place of an object, where ''le''(''f'') would usually appear. This particle tends to appear at the very end of the clause. Intransitive verbs typically indicate a durative state of being rather than a imperfective/perfective action. Therefore the aspectual particle ''da'', when used with an intransitive verb, is taken to mean that the state of being no longer applies. For example:
To mark a verb as intransitive, the particle ''mo'' is used in the place of an object, immediately before the aspectual particle of the verb. Intransitive verbs typically indicate a durative state of being rather than a imperfective/perfective action. Therefore the aspectual particle ''da'', when used with an intransitive verb, is taken to mean that the state of being no longer applies. For example:


* ''Gau ni gala'': I entertain/cheer up [someone].
* ''Gau ni gala'': I entertain/cheer up [someone].
* ''Gau da gala:'' I entertained/cheered up [someone - I may or may not still be entertaining someone else].
* ''Gau da gala:'' I entertained/cheered up [someone - I may or may not still be entertaining someone else].
* ''Gau ni gala mo:'' I am happy.
* ''Gau mo ni gala:'' I am happy.
* ''Gau da gala mo:'' I was happy [and am no longer].
* ''Gau mo da gala:'' I was happy [and am no longer].


== Example sentences with gloss ==
== Example sentences with gloss ==
In the below sentences, to aid learners with pronunciation, stress has been indicated with an accent mark, and where pronuncation variant rules apply they have been placed in square brackets. A stress mark at the very end of a word indicates that vowel should be lengthened.
*''Gaima ko titau da buyu kai uweli ta gau de sinya Mount Augusta.''
*''Gaimá da buyú titáu kai uwelí tá gáu de sinyá Móunt Augustá.''
*'''[NOM] 1EX-DISTR AUX past PFV walk ABL homestead PL 1EX DAT city "Mount Augusta"'''
*'''[NOM] 1EX-DISTR PFV walk past ABL homestead PL 1EX DAT city "Mount Augusta"'''
* We had all walked from our homesteads to the [then-active] city of Mount Augusta.
* We had all walked from our homesteads to the [then-active] city of Mount Augusta.


* ''Pon sinya elai siba matikabi ni ta istuwi estu mo.''
* ''Pon sinyá yelai si[ba->f] matikabí mo ni tá istuwi estú.''
* '''LOC city DEM NOM large.building NPFV be.many SUPESS stack.amount NTR'''
* '''LOC city DEM NOM large.building NTR NPFV be.many SUPESS stack.amount'''
* In this city there were very many large buildings (lit. "more than a stack").
* In this city there were very many large buildings (lit. "more than a stack").


* ''Os ni uswi, siba nufuyema ko lon ni buyu de, ni westi gala elpa gausta.''
* ''Os ni uswí, si[ba->f] nufuyemá ko lón ni buyú de, ni westí galá elpa g[au->ou]stá.''
* '''When NPFV arrive, NOM 3FAM-DISTR AUX begin NPFV walk DAT, NPFV speak happily COM 1EX-PL'''
* '''When NPFV arrive, NOM 3FAM-DISTR AUX begin NPFV walk DAT, NPFV speak happily COM 1EX-PL'''
* On approaching, all its newfriends ran out and happily talked with us.
* On approaching, all its newfriends ran out and happily talked with us.


* ''Le lusita ailef ta da dof de gaima.''
* ''Le[f->'] lusitá ailéf tá da dóf de gaimá.''
* '''ACC brew bright PL PFV give DAT 1EX-DISTR.'''
* '''ACC brew bright PL PFV give DAT 1EX-DISTR.'''
* Many delicious brews were given to us all.
* Many delicious brews were given to us all.
Retrieved from "https://civwiki.org/wiki/Amilin"