Amilin: Difference between revisions
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|F f |
|F f |
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|/f/ [f~v] |
|/f/ [f~v~ɸ] |
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|[v] in consonant sequences containing a voiced consonant. |
|[v] in consonant sequences containing a voiced consonant, [ɸ] in coda position if followed by an unvoiced consonant or word-final. |
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|G g |
|G g |
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=== Word-accent === |
=== Word-accent === |
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All one-syllable words in Amilin are unstressed. Most two-syllable words, except for a small set of prepositions which have no stress, take stress on the first syllable. The vowel of a stressed syllable is pronounced for somewhat longer than that of an unstressed syllable. |
All one-syllable words in Amilin are unstressed. Most two-syllable words, except for a small set of prepositions and forms of the word ''elai'' (which have no stress), take stress on the first syllable. The vowel of a stressed syllable is pronounced for somewhat longer than that of an unstressed syllable. |
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== Morphology == |
== Morphology == |
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Amilin is a highly isolating, analytic language with few inflections. It makes heavy use of prepositions to indicate the role of words in a phrase, and most words in the vocabulary can variously be nouns, verbs, adjectives or adverbs depending on word order. Verb particles are used similarly to noun prepositions to indicate the mood and aspect of a verb, which can be imperfect, perfect, optative-imperative, or mark an auxiliary verb. Tense is usually implicit but can be specified or established using a set of auxiliary verbs. |
Amilin is a highly isolating, analytic language with few inflections. It makes heavy use of prepositions to indicate the role of words in a phrase, and most words in the vocabulary can variously be nouns, verbs, adjectives or adverbs depending on word order. Verb particles are used similarly to noun prepositions to indicate the mood and aspect of a verb, which can be imperfect, perfect, optative-imperative, or mark an auxiliary verb. Tense is usually implicit but can be specified or established using a set of auxiliary verbs. |
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Pronouns are one of the few classes in Amilin which inflect, for number. There are 3 grammatical numbers: singular, plural, and total (indicating the absence of exceptions). Nouns, including proper nouns, in Amilin have grammatical gender, being either animate (including groups) or inanimate. Animate nouns fall into one of three categories, reflected by use of one of three sets of animate third-person pronouns. These categories are not grammatical, however, being used depending on context, the speaker's opinion, and the speaker's status. |
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Amilin has a zero copula, with statements such as "This is a house", "This house is red", and "This red house exists" being expressed through word order and use of cases. |
Amilin has a zero copula, with statements such as "This is a house", "This house is red", and "This red house exists" being expressed through word order and use of cases. |
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* Nominative: unmarked or ''siba'' depending on position in the phrase |
* Nominative: unmarked or ''siba'' depending on position in the phrase |
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* Vocative: unmarked subject of a verb in the optative-imperative mood |
* Vocative: unmarked subject of a verb in the optative-imperative mood |
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* Accusative: ''lef'' |
* Accusative: ''lef'' before a word starting with a vowel, ''le'' otherwise. |
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* Genitive: unmarked, ''lin'', or '' |
* Genitive: unmarked, ''lin'', or ''le lin'' depending on position in the phrase |
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* Dative: ''de'', also used for expressing inalienable or abstract possession or ownership |
* Dative: ''de'', also used for expressing inalienable or abstract possession or ownership |
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* Locative: ''pon'' |
* Locative: ''pon'' |
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== Example sentences == |
== Example sentences == |
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* '' |
* ''Gausta ko titau da buyu kai uweli ta gau de sinya Mount Augusta.'' |
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* '''1PL-EXCL AUX past PERF walk ABL homestead PL |
* '''1PL-EXCL AUX past PERF walk ABL homestead PL 1S-EXCL DAT city "Mount Augusta"''' |
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* We had walked from our homesteads to the [then-active] city of Mount Augusta. |
* We had walked from our homesteads to the [then-active] city of Mount Augusta. |
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