SPQR (CivClassic 2.0)

The S.P.Q.R. Senate and People of Rome, Is a nation deep to the northwest along world border. The city and initial settlements were established during the first days of the server, but the group's history stretches back much further than that. The legacy of the S.P.Q.R is a nation roughly designed upon periods of the 1st BC to 2nd Century CE Roman Republic and Empire. Roma, the capital is built in a strict Roman style, while many of its settlements are also themed historically.

The S.P.Q.R. as a civ can trace its roots back to a small factions server some eight years ago and formally established itself on the civcraft 1.0 in January of 2013 at the end of the Great HCF War and remained throughout the end of 1.0, through the entirety of 2.0, and through 3.0. The Civ was revived and re-founded by former rivals under NovaCeasar and subsequently joined by old veterans on Civclassics.

Having gone through many phases in Civclassics, the SPQR, as of the Summer of 2019, is at its largest and most active point than at any other time on Civclassics.

Government
NovaCeasar presides over the Government as Princeps in perpetuity with many key functions reserved to ensure stability and continuity, perhaps the most important function of the Princeps being the enrollment and expulsion of Senators. In practice almost all administration is carried out by the two Consuls and the Senate.

Two Tribunes are elected by a vote of all the people to serve in rotating 2 month terms to both represent all citizens and check the power of the Consuls and the Senate. In addition to serving as supervisors on the Senate the Tribunes can carry out referendums through the People's Assembly, a body consisting of all citizens.

While the Senate's authority is final, and it has the power to enact laws on a national scale, in reality great autonomy is afforded to local governments. Rome's territories are divided into Provinces, with each Province having one or more Prefectures; Prefectures being under the administration of a designated Prefect. In practice the Prefect is usually the founder of a town with final authority over all things pertaining to their town. Prefectures being everything from private builds created by a single person to small towns with their own official charter and local laws.

Provinces are geographically unique areas with the designated governors being ultimately responsible for the administration of laws and power throughout the Province. Regions without governors are administered by the Senate through the Consuls. Some territories designated as Provinces have not had Governors and instead retain local governments if recognized by the Senate to govern the province as its own nation effectively. (Such as Kaltsburg during its brief time in the SPQR, or Brynley before it throughout most of 2.0)

The Senate itself acts as both a legislative body as it passes laws, and as an advisory council to the Consuls and other Magistrates with action rarely being taken without the establishment of a popular consensus.

Citizenship
Roman Citizenship is easily obtainable, given out at the discretion of the Consuls during the monthly census that is held to retain an accurate list of active citizens. While citizenship afford many protections under the law and access to many privileges throughout the S.P.Q.R. many matters are still left up to the discretion of the Princeps when it comes to matters such as the judging of elections.

As is true with many other civs, the S.P.Q.R. does permit dual citizenship without restriction and even encourages it.

Citizenship itself is not a requirement for residence. Those wishing to forgo citizenship are affording the designation of Peregrini. The same designation is extended to hermits and other independent entities within S.P.Q.R. lands.

Justice
The SPQR has a formal legal code in the from of its historic Twelve Tables.

The code traces its roots back to 2.0 when Herbieversmells, Consul and leading citizen of the time dramatically overhauled Roman Law and gave the S.P.Q.R. it's modern legal system.

In the Twelve Tables, Ius Publicum and Ius Privitum are distinguished with all cases having a range of severity of crimes to be measured against the burden of proof before the Consuls ultimately decide according to the guidelines of the Tables.

Diplomacy and Alliances
While the Princeps is the formal Head of State, The Consuls also take lead roles in representing the S.P.Q.R. and regularly conduct diplomacy with other entities and on many occasions have delegated specific missions to other citizens to act as emissaries to other groups. The S.P.Q.R. maintains many treaties with many groups and for a long time was a member of the UNC. After the collapse of the UNC the S.P.Q.R. has turned back to once again favoring unilateral treaties with individual civs and has taken the approach of being more western focused with its diplomacy.

While Rome holds no enemies by name it does insist on remaining neutral in the ongoing Mir-Nato conflict, and continues to maintain active and friendly relations with a number of other civs including Kaltsburg, Lusitania, Varkonia, and more.

Economics
Throughout most of it's history the S.P.Q.R. has been completely reliant on foreign XP. Some citizens have participated in XP exchanges established in other civs such as Varkonia, but the vast majority purchase their XP from foreign markets such as Commonwealth or Mount Augusta.

In July of 2019 an Economics Council was established under the joint administration of MuffinMan and Langly to finalize the organization of domestic XP production to establish a completely independent XP exchange within the S.P.Q.R.The effort is still underway in its final stages with hopes of finishing at any time.

In the capital of Roma there is a large Basilica to the south of the rail station that operates effectively as a shopping mall with stalls for shops. Some shops are established there including a citizens-only XP and diamond exchange, but more domestic shops are planned and foreign investors are encouraged. Citizens are also encouraged to open up their own shops. Also in Roma city, in the Villa Publica, there is a "Jobs Room" where citizens can turn in materials from labor for diamonds; allowing new-friends and citizens the opportunity to convert labor into wages.

History
Full History of SPQR

Early Days
It was in the first days of the world that NovaCeasar led the first Roman Settlers deep into the Minus Minus in search for a suitable city location.

At first they made camp in a location they called Sophia that would later become one of Rome's first provinces before settling on the location for the capital. The first Romans broke ground and hailed NovaCeasar Imperator and crowned her their leader. Work began in earnest in Roma and the surrounding territory.

Mummybundles would begin a settlement called Latifundia in the southern part of the Italian Peninsula while Zebra settled Caesarea Maritima on one of the islands east of Rome as part of what would eventually become the Province of Corsica and Sardinia.

In large part the early months went by largely without incident while the claims in and around the city of Roma were established a and built up.

Expansion
After the initial phase of settling and establishing the capital a new wave of Roman citizens joined the city and a fresh wave of exploration and expansion began.

With the primary goal of creating a sustainable food supply and creating farms for XP production the boundaries of Rome were pushed in all directions to encompass a diverse range of biomes. Langly and Bloodhbound98 would establish settlements to the northwest in areas that would later be organized into the Provinces of Gallia and Germania while Mark_Antony settled to the southwest on the border of Luxembourg and Empasse in an area that would eventually become Hispania. NovaCeasar herself would continue in Roma to centralize the settlement efforts as well as overseeing Rome's sprawling rail development.

After sometime NovaCeasar worked with Empasse and agreed upon the Partitioning of Luxembourg which had fallen to inactivity as well as establishing claims on the island chain to the south of Italia in the area to become Achaia. Nova also worked with Daddy of Limnadia to incorporate the small Kingdom into the S.P.Q.R. and eventually a treaty was signed giving the land to Rome.

Many more minor outpusts, mines and camps, farms, and other unremarkable posts were left behind during the expansion. One of these allegedly gave rise to the nation of Lusitania months later.

Much of what the Empire is today was established during this period, although work remained to be done everywhere including the capital. The initial Rail lines were completed connecting Roma to places as far away as Impasse, Lexington, and The Commonwealth.

Decline
After an inital spout of growth and activity, Rome fell on hard times as activity and productivity decreased. The Census at the time recorded record lows. In an emergency NovaCeasar called for a meeting of the remaining Senators, constitutional law was suspended, and Nova became undisputed ruler over all of Rome.

Renaissance
During the current Era, many Romans have returned and activity and production have increased. During this era, SPQR was invited by the Principality of Kaltsburg to establish a protectorate over the nation, the first culminating in Roman support for Kaltsburg joining the United Northern Congress as an equal. The Second Protectorate of Kaltsburg eventually pushed for independance, and a vote lead to the seperation of what we today call Augsburg from the Protectorate and becoming an integral Roman province, (the first possession outside of the original SPQR core), and the independance of Kaltsburg as a Roman ally.

By November of 2018 several groups of citizens began to return to the motherland, and development has begun to rise as the nation get's back into a proper position to prosper.

Western Provinces
All Roman territory is partitioned into Provinces to help with administration and geographical identity; not all provinces are the same. The Settlements are generally Prefectures with a designated Prefect; multiple Prefectures may make up a Province with any Prefectures lacking a Prefect governed under the overall administration of the Provincial authorities. While Prefectures and Provinces retain a high level of autonomy they are ultimately answerable to the central government in Roma.

The Western Provinces are the final extent of Roman expansion centered around the capital after years of colonization and settlement from native Romans.

Italia
The first Roman Province, Italia is the home to the capital city Roma as well as several other minor farms and settlements, most notably being Latifundia.

Latifundia is a large farming estate established by Mummybundles in the early days of Rome and served as the city's initial food supply before additional provinces were established. Today Latifundia is a stop on the rail south to the commonwealth.

The capital city itself is a sprawling metropolis built to be as grand as any city preceding it. Work in the capital continues, with the Senate having been completed there is still much work to be done. The capital city itself is formally the Prefecture of Roma with the reigning Princeps, NovaCeasar as the Prefect of Roma.

To the West of Roma city is the Prefecture of Sophia.

Sophia can boast itself to be the first Roman settlement on the server, used by the first Romans as a camp before settling Roma city. Mummybundles retains the leadership of Sophia as the Provincial Prefect.

Sophia is home to several small farms and other builds, but its greatest landmark is a great arena.

Hispania
Currently one of Rome's southernmost Provinces, Hispania was one of the first provinces set up during the days of expansion. The capital of the province is Valencia, an in-progress estate and village neighboring the farms. Hispania's importance to the empire lies in its Cactus and Melon farms which it produces for the capital.

After the Partitioning of Luxembourg Hispania's lands were expanded to incorporate the newly acquired territory to the south.

Mark_Antony is the Prefect of Valencia and the overall Governor of Hispania.

Corsica and Sardinia
Formerly their own Province, Corsica and Sardinia are two of the 4 major islands to the east of Italia and the namesake for the province, but are currently under the administration of the Governor of Hispania.

Zebra established the first settlement on the island chain, Caesarea Maritima, and remains its Prefect. After the Treaty of Limnadia was signed, the four islands would be organized into the province it is today. The islands are the home to private estates and rail hubs connecting the capital to eastern territories and beyond.

The newest settlement in the area is the Prefecture of Limnadia, built and administered by Roma_Victor. Limnadia is also the location of an eastern rail hub that sits on the Varkonia rail line; with additional rails going east to Gallia and Corvus and South to Valencia.

Germania
Rome's frontier boundaries in the North along its border with Hallow, Germania is intended to be a border province as well as a farming estate.

One of Rome's citizens, Lucius, first began taming the region with a historic logging camp in the area named the Colonia Lucius to clear land for eventual farms and supply Rome with lumber; a rail connects Colonia Lucius with Roma. The cleared land has since been turned into farmlands.

The regions northern most settlement is the settlement of Osnabrück, currently hosting Germania's northern most railway station and notable for it's early 1800's building style. It was founded in October of 2018 by NovaCeasar.

The newest Settlement in Germania is Vindabona. The private Prefecture of NovaCeasar, the settlement sits near the mouth of a river at the end of the Northern Rail line. It marks Rome's furthest North settlement and stands as a memorial to the Kaiserin of old as well as a respite from the urban sprawl of the capital.

One of the jewels of the province is Lake Trasimene, a large lake around which is planned an eventual settlement of villas for Rome's elites.

The province was the center of a crisis in early 2019, during which time the ongoing Mir-NATO war threatened to escalate into the area bordering Hallow; ultimately the UNC resolved the situation peacefully after establishing a presence along the river frontier with Hallow to enforce neutrality.

Gallia
One of Rome's frontier Provinces, Gallia is a vast region of land to the east bordering Corvus (formerly Impasse) and unclaimed wilderness. Bloodhound98 did much of the initial work surveying the Province and establishing its boundary markers and laying out the planned partitioning of the Province for its eventual settlement.

Langly is one of the prominent residents of Gallia, constantly working to work and expand the sprawling farming complexes there around the settlement taking her name Colonia Langly. The Province remains one of the most productive in the Republic, producing melons, potatoes, carrots, and wheat. The settlement is connected to Roma by rail along the line that ends in Germania.

In September of 2018 a southern settlement was established, it is closer to the Impasse border (Now corvus) than the northern settlement founded by bloodhound98 and unlike it's northern counterpart has direct rail access to Roma and Limnadia. The area is known for it's llamas and quarry, the latter of which produced most of the stone used to construct the Eastern Road, which is the areas most notable landmark.

Hellas
Hellas is a series of Nether and Mushroom islands in the ocean to the north and east of Latium, between the home Province and Germania and Gallia. No permanent residents live on the islands as they are inhospitable, but several quarries, farms, and other facilities have been established there and the land itself is administered by Langly among others.

One of the three nether islands being named New Half Cat Island after being destroyed for its netherrack, a nod to the Half Cat Island of 2.0

Achaia
Achaia is an archipelago of islands to the south of Latium acting as a border between Italia and the land of Kongisberg. The land has no permanent settlements with no major features other than the east-west line connecting Latifundia to Valencia.

Without any permanent settlements the province is formally administered by the Senate as if it were part of Italia.

Eastern Provinces
On August 13, 2019, the Treaty of Kaltsburg was signed, formally joining the Principality of Kaltsburg to the SPQR and beginning a phase of eastern Roman expansion.

Shortly thereafter, Kaltsburg natives held a referendum on independence, the results showed that while most in Old Kaltsburg wished to be on their own, those in East Kaltsburg has chosen to stay with SPQR. Seeing this it was agreed to let E. Kaltsburg remain part of Rome, while Prince Deyan was allowed to retain his private residence there. Once the terms had been agreed to, Old Kaltsburg gained it's independence once more.

The arrangement was the formal creation of Eastern Kaltsburg as a Roman Province to be integrated into the SPQR and thata local citizen would become Proconsular Governor of the province, which was renamed in the days afterward to Augsburg by the Governor Muffinman125. Augsburg began to grow and develop following the change, and is now one of the fastest developing provinces in the Republic.

Augsburg
All former territories of Kaltsburg in the east are organized into the province off Augsburg, governed by Muffinman125.

The older Kaltsburgian settlements of Bonn, Celebacy, and Feneror remained while the newly enfranchised Roman citizens continued to develop their own settlements of Essen, Neiderburg, and Calais. At the time the settlements were the most active and the fastest growing in all of the SPQR with many western Romans coming to help build and rebuild in the east under NovaCeasar.

A great east-west rail was made to connect Roma to Augsburg and eventually farms and other infrastructure were established.

Today Augsburg marks the easternmost extent of the SPQR.

Britannia
After the integration of Kaltsburg in late 2018, the SPQR formally annexed the bordering territory to the North in January of 2019.

The primary feature of the region being the beautiful city of England with its surrounding farms and facilities. While the natives returned for a time during March and April after the annexation to join the SPQR... the area then fell back into activity and remains protected under the SPQR.

With no permanent residents Brittania is governed by the same authority governing the Province of Augsburg.

Politics


The government of the S.P.Q.R. is a republic headed by NovaCeasar. NovaCeasar is the Princeps and retains the highest authority to ensure stability and continuity, but the Consuls handle most of the daily administration of the civ. The Senate acts as both a legislative body and an advisory council while a People's Assembly can be convened to vote on referendums placed before it. The recent addition of two elected Tribunes has enfranchised all citizens with a stake in the politics of the nation with the Tribunes being mostly responsible for representing the newest citizens in the Senate and checking any overreaches. Under the Senate a chain of Proconsular governors and Prefects preside over the many districts the S.P.Q.R. has control over.

Princeps Civitatis
Novaceasar reigns as Princeps Civitatis with the summation of power invested in every magisterial position in the constitution, 'namely that of Consul, Censor, and Urban Praetor', with the additional distinction of serving as the Pontifx Maximus, the leader of Rome's regligious and ceremonial affairs. Any successor to such a position is chosen by the current Princeps upon resignation, if willed the Princeps can hand their power over to the Senate and the republic will be restored.

Consuls
There are always 2 Consuls in Rome to act as the chief administrators and heads of state, Muffinman and MarkAntony currently fill the positions until such time elections can be held.

Senators
The Princeps appoints citizens to the Senate act as an advisory council to the chief magistrates. The current Senators are Mark_Antony, Langly, posternoser, Muffinman, Mummybundles, and ZeroTheNumber.

Tribunes
In July of 2019 the creation of People's Tribune was created and elections were held to elect Le_Brine and Seto667 as the first of Rome's Tribunes to serve in overlapping 2 month terms, one elected each month. Their primary function being to represent the interest of the newest citizens and newfriends, preside of the People's Assembly, and check the actions of the Senate.

Proconsuls
Proconsuls and Propraetors are the Senate appointed governors of Provinces.They exercise imperial authority, but only within their designated provinces and are ultimately responsible for the maintenance of their territories, the administration of Roman law and exercise of Roman power there.

Current Proconsul Governors:

NovaCeasar - Germania, Achaia

Langly_ - Hellas, Gallia

Mark_Antony - Hispania, Corsica et Sardinia

Prefects
Prefects are the leaders of municipalities outside Roma up to an entire Province. They are responsible for the development and maintenance of their regions. Prefects are commonly chosen from among the Senatorial class, although not always.

In practice Prefects are usually the founders of small settlements throughout the Empire and are granted the authority to dictate the build codes and other restrictions regarding the build area and surrounding lands. Some Prefectures as as simple as private builds with the distinction of being a Prefecture while others are small towns with several residents, a local law code, and a formal charter.

Current Prefects:

Mummybundles - Sophia

Roma_Victor - Limnadia

Mark_Antony - Valencia

NovaCeasar - Vindabona

Other Positions
The Senate has at various times appointed lesser sub-constitutional magistrates to handle various matters under their administration. Historically there has at different times existed Censors, Praetors, Aediles, and Quaestors. Ultimately the Senate creates and maintains the membership of additional government offices.

Economy
The S.P.Q.R. has the infrastructure to farm melons, cactus, wheat, potatoes, carrots, and nether wart as well as the territories to export nether and desert products. All infrastructure is in a constant state of expansion and being worked on.

In the capital of Roma a large marketplace is built near the central station along the main way in the city heading south. The Basilica can host shop stalls of 3 sizes with leases for vendors foreign and domestic.

There is no national currency in the S.P.Q.R. Everything runs on the diamond standard.