Dzarian

Dzarian is a conlang created by Ogel6000. Neither the grammar nor the lexicon were inspired or based off of any real world language; Dzarian instead being a part of a conworld unique from Earth. The two biggest goals of Dzarian are precision, and completeness. Dzarian is mostly SOV.

Note: The language can be reffered to as 'Dzarian', 'Dzarid', or 'Dsarid', all of which are correct.

History
Dzarian was originally created as a cipher of English, to allow its creator to write, or say crude things in public without anyone understanding. As people began catching on, it was made increasing more difficult to decipher. Eventually, it was decided that it would be built into a proper language, under the name 'Zarian'.

After an interest was taken in conworlding, Ogel6000 merged the language into his conworld. It wasn't until months after this when Ogel6000 realized the first letter of the language's name was not available as a phone or phoneme in the language. From then on, it was changed to 'Dzarian', the 'dz' being spelled using 'ds' in the language's alphabet, and pronounced as the /dz/ affricative. The language in its own name is 'Dsarid', literally translating to 'of Dzaris'.

Phonology
/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/

/v/, /s/

/m/, /n/

/l/, /r/, /h/

/a/, /æ/, /ɛ/, /i/, /ɪ/, /ʊ/, /ɔ/, /ə/, /ʌ/, /ɘ/, /ɶ/,

/ʌi/, /ɘi/, /eɪ/

The alphabet contains 17 letter:

a, e, i, o, u, b, p, t, d, k, v, s, h, m, n, l, r, and h.

The pronounciation of the consonants is self explanatory.

a: /ɶ/ (middle of word), /a/ (middle or end of word), /æ/ (end of word)

e: /ʌ/, /ɛ/, /ɜ/, /i/ (only in 1s pronoun)

i: /ɪ/, /ɘi/ (end of word), /ɘ/, and /i/ (rarely)

o: /ʌ/, /ɔ/, /ɑ/

u: /ʊ/ /ɯ/

ah: /eɪ/

oh: /o/

oo: /o/

The following are sounds not available as single letters in the Dzarian alphabet, though can be created by combining multiple letters:

th (unvoiced): tv

th (voiced): td

g: kk

f: vh

sh: ss

ch: tss

j (voiced alveolar affricative): dd

dz (the affricative): ds

Another thing to note: nasals are never velar in Dzarian. if an 'n' is next to a 'k', the 'n' is still alveolar.

Basic Words
hi: sora

hey: ra

hello: edisora

bye: non

welcome: enito

thanks: kar (or edikar, more polite)

please: konnar

sorry: toredi

1s: e

1p: os

2s: oh

2p: or

3s: in (either gender, casual)

3s: ta (either gender, casual, though implies a romantic feeling between the speaker and the target)

3s: so (either gender, formal, can also represent inanimate objects)

3p: etr ('tr' pronounced as in 'train')

to be: ena

to have: revvid

to want: terva

to need (needs to happen, not needs to have): nalta

to be at the location of (at): kam

to go: enid

to cause something to happen: selra

to walk: krum

to speak: mespa

to kill: tileda

to injure: kudinla

to be like/to be as: tilok

person: skasa

this: tari

location: ebbet (hence: 'here' would be 'tari ebbet')

time: bettel (hence: 'now' would be 'tari bettel')

-> However, tari alone can mean 'here' or 'now', depending on context.

and: metu

if: nis

but: mahit

or: oo

with: siv

without: sivorb

things/stuff: setadda

noun declensions:

-in: pluralization

-id: possession

Verb declensions:

-ep: past tense

-it: future tense

-ah: negation -> (ena: to be; enah: not to be)

Note, all declensions come at the end of the word. If the word ends in a consonant, they are simply added on, if the word ends in a vowel, the vowel is removed (except to pronouns), and then the declension is added.

Word Order/Syntax
Dzarian is SOV, but requires an auxiliary verb in between the subject and object (thus following a pattern of noun - verb - noun - verb. This word order is very strict, and cannot be broken. Also, nothing can be put inside of these four words, with the exception of 'uk'; this is used to declare the existance of clauses, which are then placed at the end of sentences. Dzarian does not (yet) differentiate between transitive and non transitive verbs, which may lead to some confusion in a few situations (though it has not been an issue with regards to understanding)

e ena oh mespa:

1s to-be 2s to-speak

I am speaking to you

In the above sentence, the 'ena', (to be) is the auxiliary verb, and it states the nature of the verb 'mespa'.

E ena oh uk mespa nibbar:

1s to-be 2s clause-declare to-speak [clause here] good

I am speaking well to you

E ena uk skasa mespa selrep oh kudinla:

1s to-be clause-declare to-speak [clause] to-cause.past 2s to-have-pain

I am speaking to the man who injured you.

Ta terva oh uk mespa solp:

He/she wants to speak with you more (solp = more)

E lersep oh mespa:

lit: I received your speaking (You spoke to me); this is used to acknowledge that the action went through (as in; yes, I heard you)

E nalta tretin revvid:

I need to have diamonds

Subjunctive

Subjunctive is created with the use of 'sorla', and used exactly the same way as it is in English. (However, sentences which would use 'in which' or 'of which' or something similar, are classed as subjunctive.

I think she likes me: E dertra sorla ta ena e ima.

I'm thinking about the time when you hurt me: E ena bettel dertra sorla oh enep e kudinla

If/else statements:

nis ___ brev ___

If I sleep with your girlfriend, you will kill me: Nis e ena ta tilek brev oh selra e tiled.

Note: both are in present tense. Both parts of conditions are written in the same tense.

Negation

Negation is done by adding -ah after a verb. (either verb, it doesn't matter which, though it's more common to add it to the auxiliary verb.)

Dzarian does not have words for 'yes' or 'no', you instead just use a verb, or its negative.

- Pena oh Antoine?

- Enah:

Are you Antoine?

No.

- Pena oh e mespa?

- Mespa:

Are you speaking to me?

Yes.

Inflection/declension rules:

-id (possession) can only be attached to pronouns

-in (pluralization) can be attached to anything except pronouns

To possess a non pronoun, use 'uk':

the house's room: uk tesa mokuhr the man's house: uk mokuhr skasa

Basically,

uk, followed by the item being possessed, followed by the item doing the possessing.

Verbs can be negated, or have tense.

They can also have both.

If they have both, the negation comes first, and then the tense is added, leaving the full extent of the word

to be: ena

will be: enit

not to be: enah

will not be: enahit

Adjectives

Adjectives can be placed immediately after pronouns (this breaks the S-auxV-O-V word order, so the sentence would only allow these two words), and in this case, it is implied there is a 'to be' in between.

e mat: I am good

e empar: I am great

oh nibbar: you are happy

If the pronoun is possessive, it assumes the adjective is a noun being possessed (english: -ness)

eid nibbar: my happiness

Using 'ena' as a pronoun

The phrase 'it is' in English should translate to 'so' in Dzarian.

As in, "It's okay/It's fine" should translate to "so meta"

And this is grammatically correct, however a more common, casual translation is "ena meta". This is technically grammatically incorrect, though it's a figure of speech in Dzarian, and should be used in general conversation

Multiple 'uk' rule

'uk' can be used multiple times in the same sentence. If so, then the clauses afterwards appear in the same order which they appear.

Try this sentence:

The cat I said my sister brought home is dead: I will make the base sentence "Serriv lersep ralen temak" which translates to "The cat received my sister's bringing"

uk serriv uk lersep nelta uk temak kam staksa e mespep kam mokuhr

The first declared clause goes onto the cat. The cat is now dead, so the first clause is 'kam staksa', the best way of saying 'dead'

The second goes on the receiving. the sentence claims that 1s said that the receiving happened.

The third clause goes on the uk temak. We know that the help given was bringing the cat home, thus the temak's description is 'kam mokuhr'.

Note, you can attach multiple clauses to a single word.

For example:

uk uk tesinal venikam sitolik

the 'tesinal' is the main noun here.

It receives two descriptions: 'venikam' = evil; 'sitolik' = public

public, evil, door. (public nether portal)

Amsel

'Amsel' means 'for', as in "amsel oh" = "for you". It also has various miscellaneous uses.

I'll be there for 9 minutes: e ena ebbet uk kam amsel tralik

vs

I'll be there in 9 minutes: e ena ebbet uk kam tralik

Also,

I am too tired for this:

e uk enlat ebeln amsel

Tenses
Applying an ending to the auxiliary verb indicates imperfect (past or future), applying it to the acting verb indicates pluperfect, applying it to both indicates perfect. Note, in Dzarian, use of the perfect tense is uncommon, mostly only pluperfect and imperfect are used.

E enep etr mespa: I was speaking to them

E ena etr mespep: I have spoken to them

E enep etr mespep: I spoke to them

E enep etr mespit: I was going to speak to them

E enit etr mespep: I would speak to them (notice, this is one way to indicate conditional)

Conditional:

could: mer

should: dervam

might: delid

thought of/considered: telisha (pronounced telissa, but aspirated)

would: telak

Conditional verbs are implemented into sentences as auxiliary verbs.

E mer: I could/I can

E mer tari tidira: I could/can come here

E mer oh mespa: I could be speaking to you

E merep oh mespa: I could have been speaking to you

E mer oh mespep: I could have spoken to you

Questions
Questions are created by inverting the subject and aux verb, and replacing the aux verb with a question word.

how: oma

why: isp

what: kor

how many: nebarak

Are ___ : pena

Do ___: pena

Can ___: mer

Should: dervam

Notice the lack of 'when' and 'where'. These are implied when talking about locations or times.

Oma oh: How are you?

Kor oh ebbet kam?: What place are you at (Where are you?)

Kor oh bettel tidira?: What time are you arriving? (ie When are you arriving)

Kor oh ebbet enid?: What place are you going? (ie Where are you going)

Kor oh ebbet tidirep?: What place were you coming from? (Where did you come from?)

Kor oh ebbet tidirit?: What place are you going to come to? (Where will you go?)

Pena in oh kudinla?: Is he hurting you?

Oma in oh kudinlep?: How did he hurt you?

Kor setadda oh kudinlep?: What hurt you? (lit: What object hurt you?)

Kor in oh uk kudinlep ebbet?: Where did he hurt you? (lit: What place did he hurt you?)

Nebarak tretin oh revvid?: How many diamonds do you have (diamond = treta)